Kwi-optics, umfanekiso owenziwe kukudibana kokukhanya kokwenyani ubizwa ngokuba ngumfanekiso wokwenyani;ngenye indlela, ibizwa ngokuba ngumfanekiso wenyani.Abafundisi-ntsapho abanamava befiziksi badla ngokukhankanya loo ndlela yokwahlula xa bechaza umahluko phakathi komfanekiso wokwenene nomfanekiso obonakalayo: “Umfanekiso wokwenene ujonge phantsi, ngoxa umfanekiso obonakalayo uthe tye.”Into ebizwa ngokuba "yithe tye" kwaye "ijonge phantsi", Ngokuqinisekileyo inxulumene nomfanekiso wokuqala.
Iindidi ezintathu zemifanekiso ebonakalayo eyenziwe zizipili ezisicaba, izibuko eziconvex, kunye neelensi eziconcave zonke zime nkqo;imifanekiso yokwenyani eyenziwe zizipili zeconcave kunye neconvex lens, kunye nemifanekiso yokwenyani eyenziwe ngumfanekiso wokuvula indawo, yonke ijonge phantsi.Kakade ke, isipili esijijekileyo kunye nelensi yeconvex nazo zinokuba yimifanekiso ebonakalayo, kwaye imifanekiso emibini eyinyani eyenziwe ngabo ikwakwimo ethe tye.
Ngoko, ngaba umfanekiso owenziwe ngamehlo omntu ngumfanekiso wokwenyani okanye umfanekiso obonakalayo?Siyazi ukuba ukwakheka kweliso lomntu lilingana ne-convex lens, ngoko umfanekiso owenziwe zizinto zangaphandle kwi-retina ngumfanekiso wokwenyani.Ngokwale mithetho ingasentla yamava, umfanekiso okwi-retina ubonakala ujonge phantsi.Kodwa naziphi na izinto esiqhele ukuzibona zime nkqo?Olu ngquzulwano kunye "nomthetho wamava" ngokwenene lubandakanya ukulungiswa kwe-cortex ye-cerebral kunye nefuthe lamava obomi.
Xa umgama phakathi kwento kunye ne-convex lens mkhulu kunobude obugxininise belensi, into leyo iba ngumfanekiso oguqulweyo.Xa into isondela kwi-lens isuka kude, umfanekiso uya uba mkhulu, kwaye umgama phakathi komfanekiso kunye ne-lens uya uba mkhulu;xa umgama phakathi kwento kunye nelensi Xa incinci kunobude obugxininise, into leyo iba ngumfanekiso owandisiweyo.Lo mfanekiso awuyiyo indawo yokudibanisa yokukhanya okuchasiweyo okwenyani, kodwa i-intersection yemigca yabo yokwandisa umva, engenakufunyanwa yisikrini sokukhanya.Ngumfanekiso obonakalayo.Inokuthelekiswa nomfanekiso obonakalayo owenziwe sisibuko esicaba (awukwazi ukufunyanwa sisikrini sokukhanya, esibonakalayo kuphela ngamehlo).
Xa umgama phakathi kwento kunye ne-lens mkhulu kunobude bojoliso, into leyo iba ngumfanekiso ojonge phantsi.Lo mfanekiso wenziwe kukukhanya okusuka kwikhandlela eliphumela kwilensi yeconvex ngelensi yeconvex.Xa umgama phakathi kwento kunye ne-lens ungaphantsi kobude bogxininiso, into leyo iba ngumfanekiso othe nkqo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-08-2021